How close they were to success

Freely relaxing polymers remember how they were straightened.

The relaxation of initially straight semiflexible polymers has been discussed mainly with respect to the longest relaxation time. The biologically relevant nonequilibrium dynamics on shorter times is comparatively poorly understood, partly because "initially straight" can be realized in manifold ways. Combining Brownian dynamics simulations and systematic theory, we demonstrate how different ex...

Study human pancreatic cancer in mice: how close are they?

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths and is characterized by dismal prognosis. Xenograft and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models have recapitulated critical elements of human pancreatic cancer, providing useful tools to probe the underlying cause of cancer etiology. In this review, we provide a brief description of the common genetic lesions that occur during the...

IBM Branch Offices: What They Were, How They Worked, 1920s-1980s

Workers Laid-off During the Last Three Recessions: Who Were They, and How Did They Fare?

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How Saqaliba slaves were transferred to Andalusia in the Umayyad period

Slave bargain that was common in the West of Europe for a long time continued after the conquer of Andalusia by Muslims in the last decade of the first century A.H. Meanwhile, slaves from the northern regions of Spain, especially Slavic lands, entered the Andalusian markets. These slaves, known in medieval Islamic sources as Saqaliba, were often bought by Jewish merchants and transferred to And...